The long-standing relations between India and Russia have proven to be extremely valuable in promoting India`s national interests. Nuclear cooperation was one of the cementing factors, the other was defense trade. The civil nuclear partnership between India and Russia has been relevant to achieving India`s energy goals and has also supported the country`s promotion on international platforms such as the NSG. In recognition of these long-standing relations, the strategic partnership between India and Russia was elevated to the level of a “special and privileged strategic partnership”[41] in 2010. The partnership has even diversified within nuclear cooperation, not only in the energy sector, but also in other areas such as nuclear medicine and processed foods. A September 2008 waiver would have acknowledged “additional measures that India has voluntarily taken”. [93] The waiver provided for notification of bilateral agreements to NSGs and regular consultations. however, it would have waived the full security requirements of the NSG guidelines, even without further conditions. [92] Proponents of the agreement argue that it will bring India closer to the United States at a time when the two countries are building a strategic relationship to pursue common interests in fighting terrorism, spreading democracy, and preventing single-power domination of Asia. Ashley Tellis of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, who was closely involved in negotiating the civilian nuclear deal with India as a senior adviser to the U.S. Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, said in 2005 testimony before Congress that the agreement recognizes this growing relationship by including India, which has proven it does not pose a risk of nuclear proliferation.

Other experts say the deal sets out the conditions for India to be recognized as a responsible manager of nuclear power. “This is part of a process to make India a more sustainable and reliable nuclear partner,” Schaffer said. Other experts say the deal: The proposed civilian nuclear deal implicitly recognizes India`s “de facto” status, even without signing the NPT. The Bush administration justifies a nuclear pact with India by arguing that it is important to advance the non-proliferation framework[47] by formally recognizing India`s strong non-proliferation record, even though it has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Former Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns, one of the architects of Indo-U.S. The nuclear deal said: “India`s confidence, its credibility, the fact that it promised to create a state-of-the-art facility overseen by the IAEA to launch a new export control regime because it has not spread nuclear technology, we cannot say that about Pakistan.” On the question of whether the United States would offer a nuclear agreement with Pakistan on the model of the American-Indian United States. matter. [48] [49] Mohamed ElBaradei, former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which would be responsible for inspecting India`s civilian reactors, welcomed the deal because it would “also bring India closer together as a key partner in the non-proliferation regime.” [50] Reactions within the US-led academic community have been mixed. While some authors hailed the agreement as India`s rapprochement with the NPT regime, others argued that there was too much room for India to decide which facilities should be protected, and that it effectively rewarded India for systematically refusing to accede to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

[51] Long before the nuclear deal, France`s support for India was already evident in its continued supply of fuel to India`s Tarapur nuclear power plant,[34] after the United States and Canada ended their agreements to protest the peaceful nuclear explosion of 1974. France also openly opposed US sanctions against India after the 1998 nuclear tests[35] and helped create a positive environment during India`s negotiations with the IAEA. Arguably, the continuation of nuclear cooperation between India and France has broadened and deepened the scope of strategic cooperation between the two sides, making it one of the most comprehensive strategic partnerships India has with a country. In the case of liability issues, India`s approach has been to find specific solutions on a case-by-case basis. Organized solutions to challenges have been crucial to the success of India`s commitments, as evidenced by the Rooppur project in Bangladesh and the signing of Accord 123 between India and the United States. Accountability remains a major challenge and, therefore, given India`s past experience, it is important to recognize the lessons learned and put them into practice when negotiating future agreements. The application of international liability frameworks can address the concerns of many suppliers who might otherwise have been deterred by India`s liability law. One of the main proponents of the deal was India`s top strategic affairs analyst, K. . .

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